EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

A SHORT HISTORY

1833: Charles Babbage professor of mathematics at the Cambridge University with the assistance of Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace developed a machine that could store information, calculate numbers and solve algebraic expression.

1930: Howard Aikens and Grace Hooper developed an electrically operated machine which could calculate , store data, read characters and also special symbols. It was named
Harvard Mark 1

1945 : First electronic general purpose calculator ,ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator ) built in U.S ,weighs 33 tons consumes 150 kw and averages 5000 operations per ssecond

1947 : Transistor, essential storage device for computers invented by American engineers William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Bartain .

1948 :First stored program computer, Manchester Mark 1 , built in UK. Using valves , it can perform about 500 operations per second and has the first RAM . It fills a room the size of a small office

1958:Integrated Circuit (microchip) produced by American engineer Jack Kilby. His circuit is made of a single piece of semiconductor

1965: First commercially successful microcomputer,
DEC PDP-8 is produced in US. It sits on a desktop.

1971: First microprocessor chip , the Intel 4004, produced in US. It performs 60000 operations per second.

1975: Microsoft founded by American businessmen Bill Gates and Paul Allen. They developed DOS which later becomes the dominant operating system for computers

1977: Mass produced personal computer, Commodore PET appears

1981: First portable computer, Osborne 1, produced. At the size and weight of a sewing machine, however, it is much less convenient than current portable computers.

1981: IBM launches IBM PC on the personal computer market. IBM makes the first massive sales in the personal computer market.

1984: Apple Macintosh computer becomes first successful personal computer with a mouse and easy to use Graphic User Interface (GUI).

1985: Microsoft launches Windows for PC . Windows is a GUI similar to Mac’s, making personal computer much easier to use.


1990 : IBM Pentium PC produced. It is designed using a system called VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration).